Effect of screen time on physical fitness among children aged 9–12 years in Mumbai, India: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic increased children’s reliance on screens for learning and recreation, potentially affecting physical fitness. This study evaluated associations between screen time and physical fitness among 9–12-year-old school children in Mumbai, India.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 425 children (219 boys, 206 girls) from seven schools were assessed. Screen time was measured using the parent-administered ScreenQ questionnaire. Anthropometry and fitness tests (partial curl-ups, push-ups, sit-and-reach, 600m run, and 50m dash) were conducted. Body mass index was calculated. Pearson’s correlation and independent t-tests were used (P<0.05 significant).

Results: Mean screen time was higher in boys 4.1 (± 2.5) hours /day than girls 1.8 (± 0.4) hours/day; P<0.001). Overall, 330 children (77.6%) exceeded the Indian Academy of Paediatrics guideline of <2 h/day. In boys, screen time showed a weak positive correlation with Body mass index (r=0.2, P=0.01) and a weak negative correlation with cardiovascular endurance (r=–0.10, P=0.02); no such associations were observed in girls. No significant correlations were found with flexibility, muscular endurance, or speed. Boys performed better than girls in core strength, cardiovascular endurance, and speed (P<0.05).

Conclusion: In 9–12-year-old children, higher screen time was weakly associated with Body mass index and cardiovascular endurance in boys, but no associations were found for other fitness parameters. These findings should be interpreted cautiously, as correlations were weak and not generalizable across sexes. The findings highlight the importance of promoting active lifestyles and monitoring screen time among school-aged children in Mumbai, India.