Perceptions and challenges of mothers with preterm babies in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A qualitative study

Abstract

Background: Mothers who experience preterm delivery express feelings of failure and suffered emotional stress because of their lack of preparation for the premature birth and the uncertainty surrounding the newborn's survival and longevity. This study aimed to explore the perceptions and challenges of mothers having preterm newborns in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Methods: A descriptive phenomenological study employed using purposively selected ten mothers of preterm babies at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital from Jan 20 to Feb 20, 2025. An open-ended interview guide was used for generating data. Then, the generated interview data was audio recorded, transcribed, translated to English and imported to Atlas.ti 25 for data analysis. Finally, Colaizzi's 7-step approach to inductive thematic analysis was used for the final data analysis. Trustworthiness of the research was ensured by implementing the four Lincoln and Guba criteria. 

Results: Mothers described the experience of preterm birth as a sudden, overwhelming, and emotionally traumatic event, often accompanied by negative emotions like feelings of fear, sadness, worries, and hopelessness. Many perceived that preterm babies might not grow or survive. During their stay in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), these mothers faced numerous challenges, including a lack of adequate counseling, scarce resources, and the unfamiliar and intimidating environment. They emphasized the need for both emotional and practical support from healthcare providers, family members, and the broader community

Conclusion: Mother’s perception of preterm babies is a source of emotional distress in the NICU, alongside unexpected early birth, early separation from their baby, and uncertainty about survival. Strengthening emotional support, improving hospital facilities and counseling services, and raising awareness are vital to reduce stress and promote better outcomes.